Introduction:

Glaucoma is a slowly progressing disease that causes damage to the eye's optic nerve and can result in blindness. Open angle glaucoma, the most common form of the disease, affects about 3 million Americans. It is the leading cause of blindness for African Americans. Since there are usually no early symptoms, half of the people with this disease don't know they have it. With early treatment, serious vision loss and blindness can usually be prevented.

Signs and Symptoms:

While symptoms do not initially occur, as the disease progresses, you can lose peripheral (side) vision and then forward vision. Some signs can be found only during an eye exam, such as increased pressure inside the eye and optic nerve abnormalities. Other patients may complain of ocular pain, brow ache, rainbow colored halos around lights, or blurred vision.

What Causes It?:

A clear fluid flows in and out of the space at the front of the eye, nourishing nearby tissues. Glaucoma causes the fluid to pass through too slowly or to stop draining altogether. As the fluid builds up, the pressure inside the eye increases, causing damage to the optic nerve and vision loss.

Who's Most At Risk?:

People with the following conditions or characteristics are at risk for glaucoma:

• Over 60 years of age
• Family history
• African American descent
• Diabetes
• Myopia (near sightedness)
• Taking certain drugs, such as antihistamines or blood pressure medications
• Food sensitivities
• Stress
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Hypothyroidism

What to Expect at Your Provider's Office:

It is important to have your eyes examined on a regular basis to check for glaucoma. If you are experiencing symptoms, you should see your eye care provider immediately.

To detect glaucoma, your eye care professional will perform the following tests:

• Visual acuity -- use of an eye chart measures how well you see at various distances.
• Visual field -- measures your peripheral vision.
• Pupil dilation -- drops are placed into the eye to dilate (widen) the pupil. This gives your eye care professional a better view of the optic nerve to check for signs of damage.
• Tonometry -- determines the fluid pressure inside the eye. One type uses a purple light while, another type uses a puff of air.

Treatment Options:

Prevention

While glaucoma is not preventable, early detection and treatment are the best defenses against serious visual damage. At risk patients should avoid medicines that increase eye pressure.

Treatment Plan

The primary goal of treatment is to minimize loss of vision by reducing pressure in the eye.

Drug Therapies

Once started, therapy generally continues for the rest of the patient's life. Eye drops and pills are the most common early treatment for glaucoma. Some cause the eye to produce less fluid, while others lower pressure by helping drain fluid from the eye.

Surgical and Other Procedures

While glaucoma surgery may save remaining vision, it does not improve sight.

• Laser surgery -- makes 50 - 100 evenly spaced burns that stretch the drainage holes in the eye, allowing fluid to drain more efficiently.
• Conventional surgery -- creates a new channel for fluid to drain from the eye.

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

A comprehensive treatment plan for glaucoma may include a range of complementary and alternative therapies. However, glaucoma should be treated only by a qualified ophthalmologist. Use alternative medicine as support for a healthy body.

Nutrition and Supplements

Nutritional tips include the following:

• Eliminate all suspected food allergens, including dairy (milk, cheese, and eggs), wheat (gluten), soy, corn, preservatives, and food additives. Your health care provider may want to test you for food allergies.
• Eat more antioxidant rich foods (such as green, leafy vegetables and peppers) and fruits (such as blueberries, tomatoes, and cherries). Some studies show that a higher intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of glaucoma.
• Avoid refined foods, such as white breads, pastas, and sugar.
• Eat fewer red meats and more lean meats, cold water fish, tofu (soy, if no allergy) or beans for protein.
• Use healthy oils in foods, such as olive oil or vegetable oil.
• Reduce or eliminate trans fatty acids, found in such commercially baked goods as cookies, crackers, cakes, French fries, onion rings, donuts, processed foods, and margarine.
• Avoid coffee and other stimulants, alcohol, and tobacco.
• Drink 6 - 8 glasses of filtered water daily.
• Exercise moderately, if tolerated, 5 days a week.

You may address nutritional deficiencies with the following supplements:

• A multivitamin daily, containing the antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, the B-complex vitamins and trace minerals such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, and selenium.
• Omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil, 1 - 2 capsules or 1 tablespoonful oil daily, to help decrease inflammation. Fish oils may increase bleeding in sensitive individuals, such as those taking blood thinning mediations (including aspirin).
• Vitamin C, 500 - 1,000 mg daily, as an antioxidant.
• Coenzyme Q10, 100 - 200 mg at bedtime, for antioxidant support.
• Alpha-lipoic acid, 25 - 50 mg twice daily, for antioxidant support.
• Lutein, 2 - 6 mg daily, for antioxidant support in eye health.

Herbs

Herbs are generally a safe way to strengthen and tone the body's systems. As with any therapy, you should speak with your health care provider before starting any treatment.

You may use herbs as dried extracts (capsules, powders, teas), glycerites (glycerine extracts), or tinctures (alcohol extracts). Unless otherwise indicated, you should make teas with 1 tsp. herb per cup of hot water. Steep covered 5 - 10 minutes for leaf or flowers, and 10 - 20 minutes for roots. Drink 2 - 4 cups per day. You may use tinctures alone or in combination as noted.

• Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) standardized extract, 80 mg 2 - 3 times daily, for antioxidant and vision support. Bilberry may interact with diabetes medication and may increase the effect of blood thinning medications, such as aspirin and Coumadin.
• Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) standardized extract, 40 - 80 mg 3 times daily, for antioxidant and immune support. Ginkgo may increase bleeding in sensitive individuals, such as those taking blood thinning mediations (including aspirin).
• Green tea (Camellia sinensis) standardized extract, 250 - 500 mg daily, for antioxidant and immune effects. Use caffeine free products. You may also prepare teas from the leaf of this herb.

Homeopathy

Although few studies have examined the effectiveness of specific homeopathic therapies, professional homeopaths may consider the following remedies for the treatment of gastritis symptoms (such as nausea and vomiting) based on their knowledge and experience. Before prescribing a remedy, homeopaths take into account your constitutional type -- your physical, emotional, and psychological makeup. An experienced homeopath assesses all of these factors when determining the most appropriate treatment for you individually.

An experienced homeopath could prescribe a regimen for treating glaucoma that is designed especially for you. Acute dose is 3 - 5 pellets of 12X to 30 C every 1 - 4 hours until symptoms are relieved. Some of the most common acute remedies include:

• Phosphorus for vertigo
• Physostigma for muscle spasms and neurological problems
• Spigelia for sharp pains

Prognosis/Possible Complications:

If glaucoma is not treated early, some vision loss can occur. If you have glaucoma in one eye, your provider may recommend treating your other eye as well, since it is at risk for the same disease process.