Pronunciation:

(naf AZ oh leen)

U.S. Brand Names:

Synonyms:

Generic Available:

Canadian Brand Names:

Use:

Pregnancy Risk Factor:

Contraindications:

Warnings/Precautions:

Adverse Reactions:

Cardiovascular: Systemic cardiovascular stimulation

Central nervous system: Dizziness, headache, nervousness

Gastrointestinal: Nausea

Local: Transient stinging, nasal mucosa irritation, dryness, rebound congestion

Ocular: Mydriasis, increased intraocular pressure, blurred vision

Respiratory: Sneezing

Overdosage/Toxicology:

Symptoms of overdose include CNS depression, hypothermia, bradycardia, cardiovascular collapse, apnea, coma

Following initiation of essential overdose management, toxic symptoms should be treated. The patient should be kept warm and monitored for alterations in vital functions. Seizures commonly respond to diazepam (5-10 mg I.V. bolus in adults every 15 minutes if needed up to a total of 30 mg; I.V. 0.25-0.4 mg/kg/dose up to a total of 10 mg for children) or to phenytoin or phenobarbital. Hypotension should be treated with fluids.

Drug Interactions:

Stability:

Mechanism of Action:

Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics:

Onset of action: Decongestant: Topical: ~10 minutes

Duration: 2-6 hours

Dosage:

Nasal:

Children:

<6 years: Intranasal: Not recommended (especially infants) due to CNS depression

6-12 years: 1 spray of 0.05% into each nostril every 6 hours if necessary; therapy should not exceed 3-5 days

Children >12 years and Adults: 0.05%, instill 1-2 drops or sprays every 6 hours if needed; therapy should not exceed 3-5 days

Ophthalmic:

Children <6 years: Not recommended for use due to CNS depression (especially in infants)

Children >6 years and Adults: Instill 1-2 drops into conjunctival sac of affected eye(s) every 3-4 hours; therapy generally should not exceed 3-4 days

Patient Education:

Nursing Implications:

Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment:

Dental Health: Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic Precautions:

Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status:

Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment:

Dosage Forms:

Solution, intranasal drops, as hydrochloride (Privine®): 0.05% (25 mL)

Solution, intranasal spray, as hydrochloride (Privine®): 0.05% (20 mL)

Solution, ophthalmic, as hydrochloride: 0.1% (15 mL)

AK-Con™, Albalon®, Allersol®: 0.1% (15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]

Clear Eyes® Extra Relief: 0.012% (6 mL, 15 mL, 30 mL) [contains glycerin 0.2% and benzalkonium chloride]

Clear Eyes® ACR: 0.012% (15 mL, 30 mL) [contains glycerin 0.2%, zinc sulfate 0.25%, and benzalkonium chloride]

Naphcon®: 0.012% (15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]

VasoClear®: 0.02% (15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride] [DSC]

International Brand Names: