Definition of Lower esophageal ring:

A lower esophageal ring is an abnormal ring of tissue that forms where the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach) and stomach meet.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

A lower esophageal ring is a birth defect of the esophagus that occurs in 4% of people. It causes narrowing of the lower esophagus.

Narrowing of the esophagus may also be caused by:

• Injury
• Tumors
• Other causes (See: Esophageal stricture)

Symptoms:

For most people, lower esophageal ring does not cause symptoms.

The most common symptom is a sensation that food, especially solids, is stuck in the lower neck or under the breastbone (sternum) when it is swallowed.

Signs and tests:

Tests that show the lower esophageal ring include:

• EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy)
• Upper GI (x-ray with barium)

Treatment:

Treatment involves stretching the ring by passing a device called a dilator through the area. Sometimes, a balloon is placed in the area and inflated, which helps widen the abnormal ring.

Expectations (prognosis):

Swallowing problems may return. Repeated treatments may be needed.

Calling your health care provider:

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have swallowing problems.