Definition of Hepatic ischemia:

Hepatic ischemia is a condition in which the liver does not get enough blood or oxygen, causing injury to liver cells.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Low blood pressure from any condition can lead to hepatic ischemia. Such conditions may include:

• Abnormal heart rhythms
• Dehydration
• Heart failure
• Infection
• Severe bleeding

Other causes may include:

• Blood clots in the main artery to the liver (hepatic artery) after a liver transplant
• Swelling of blood vessels leading to reduced blood flow (vasculitis)

Symptoms:

If low blood pressure continues for a long time, you may feel weak and lightheaded. However, the period of low blood pressure may be brief and produce no symptoms. Damage to the liver cells usually does not cause symptoms.

Blood clots in the liver's main artery may cause abdominal pain.

Signs and tests:

The following tests will be done:

• Blood tests to check liver function (AST and ALT )
• Doppler ultrasound of the liver's blood vessels

Treatment:

Treatment depends on the cause. Low blood pressure and blood clots must be properly treated.

Expectations (prognosis):

Patients generally recover if the illness causing hepatic ischemia can be treated. Death from liver failure due to hepatic ischemia is very rare.

Complications:

Liver failure is a rare but life-threatening complication.

Calling your health care provider:

See your health care provider right away if you have persistent weakness or symptoms of shock or dehydration.

Prevention:

Quickly treating the causes of low blood pressure may prevent hepatic ischemia.