Signs and tests:

A physical examination may reveal a swollen abdomen or belly.

Paracentesis may be performed. This procedure involves using a thin needle to pull fluid from the abdomen. The fluid is tested in various ways to determine the cause of ascites.

Treatment:

The condition that causes ascites will be treated, if possible.

Treatment may include:

• Diuretics, usually spironolactone (Aldactone) and furosemide (Lasix), which help remove the fluid
• Antibiotics, if an infection develops
• Limiting salt in the diet (no more than 1,500 mg/day of sodium)
• Avoiding drinking alcohol

Procedures used for ascites that do not respond to medical treatment include:

• Placing a tube into the area to drain the ascites
• Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

Complications:

• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (a life-threatening infection of the ascites fluid)
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Other complications of liver cirrhosis

Calling your health care provider:

Anyone who has ascites and develops new abdominal pain and fever should contact their health care provider immediately.