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Hyponatremia - Symptom

Alternative Names

Dilutional hyponatremia; Euvolemic hyponatremia; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia

Symptoms:

Common symptoms include:

Abnormal mental status
- Confusion
- Decreased consciousness
- Hallucinations
- Possible coma
Convulsions
Fatigue
Headache
Irritability
Loss of appetite
Muscle spasms or cramps
Muscle weakness
Nausea
Restlessness
Vomiting

Signs and tests:

The health care provider will perform a complete physical examination to help determine the cause of your symptoms. Blood and urine tests will be done.

The following laboratory tests can confirm hyponatremia:

Comprehensive metabolic panel (includes blood sodium)
Osmolality blood test
Urine osmolality
Urine sodium

Reviewed last on: 5/29/2011
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

References

Skorecki K, Ausiello D. Disorders of sodium and water homeostasis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 117.

Verbalis JG, Berl T. Disorders of water balance. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 13.

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