Prevention:

Sickle cell anemia can result only when two carriers with sickle cell trait have a child together. Therefore, genetic counseling is recommended for all carriers of sickle cell trait. About 1 in 12 African-Americans has sickle cell trait. Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia during pregnancy is also available.

Prompt treatment of infections, adequate oxygenation, and preventing dehydration may prevent sickling of red blood cells. Antibiotics and vaccinations may prevent infections.

The patient should have regular physical exams every 3 - 6 months to ensure the patient is getting adequate nutrition, maintains proper activity levels, and receives proper vaccinations. Regular eye exams are also recommended.

PREVENTING INFECTIONS

• People with sickle cell anemia need to keep their immunizations up to date, including influenza, pneumococcal, meningococcal, hepatitis B, and influenza.
• Some patients may receive antibiotics to prevent infections.

PREVENTING CRISES

Parents whose children have sickle cell disease should encourage their children to lead normal lives. However, in order to decrease the occurrence of sickle cell crises, consider the following precautions:

To prevent loss of oxygen from tissues, avoid the following:

1. Demanding physical activity, especially if the spleen is enlarged
2. Emotional stress
3. Environments with low oxygen content (high altitudes, non-pressurized airplane flights)
4. Smoking
5. Known sources of infection

To promote proper hydration:

1. Recognize signs of dehydration
2. Avoid too much exposure to the sun
3. Provide access to fluids, both at home and away

To avoid sources of infection:

1. Keep child properly immunized as recommended by the health care provider
2. Consider having the child wear a Medic Alert Bracelet
3. Share above information with teachers and other caretakers as appropriate

Be aware of the effects that chronic, life-threatening illnesses can have on siblings, marital relationships, parents, and the child.