Treatment:

The main treatment for PCP is with drugs that kill the bacteria (antimicrobial therapy). Antibiotics can be given by mouth (orally) or through a vein (intravenous), depending on the severity of the illness.

People with low oxygen levels and moderate to severe PCP often take corticosteroids as well.

Expectations (prognosis):

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can be life-threatening, and respiratory failure can lead to death. People with this condition need early and effective treatment. For moderate to severe PCP in people with AIDS, the use of corticosteroids has decreased mortality.

Complications:

• Pleural effusion (extremely rare)
• Pneumothorax
• Respiratory failure (may require mechanical ventilation)

Calling your health care provider:

If you have a weakened immune system due to AIDS, cancer, transplantation, or corticosteroid use, call your doctor if you develop a cough, fever, or shortness of breath.

While many infections can lead to similar symptoms, you should have a medical evaluation to rule out opportunistic infections such as PCP.