Treatment:

There is no known cure for ALS. The first drug treatment for the disease is a medicine called riluzole. Riluzole may prolong life, but does not reverse or stop the disease from getting worse.

The goal of treatment is to control symptoms. Baclofen or diazepam may be used to control spasticity that interferes with activities of daily living. Trihexyphenidyl or amitriptyline may be prescribed for people with problems swallowing their own saliva.

Physical therapy, rehabilitation, use of braces or a wheelchair, or other orthopedic measures may be needed to maximize muscle function and general health.

Choking is common. Patients may need a tube placed into their stomach for feeding (gastrostomy).

A referral to an otolaryngologist may be advised. A nutritionist is helpful to prevent weight loss, especially for patients with limited ability to swallow.

The use of devices to assist in breathing includes machines that are only used at night as well as mechanical ventilation. Patients should discuss their wishes regarding artificial ventilation with their doctors.

Support Groups:

Emotional support is vital in coping with the disorder, because mental functioning is not affected. Groups such as the ALS Association may be available to assist in coping with the disorder. See ALS - support group.

Expectations (prognosis):

There is progressive loss of ability to function or care for oneself. Death often occurs within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis, although there are some rare cases of patients living decades.

Complications:

• Loss of ability to care for self
• Inhaling food or fluid
• Pneumonia
• Respiratory failure (see adult respiratory distress syndrome)
• Skin breakdown (pressure sores)
• Weight loss

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if symptoms suggest ALS, particularly if there is a family history of the disorder.

Call your health care provider if ALS has been diagnosed and symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop. Increased difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, and episodes of apnea are symptoms that require immediate attention.