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Meniere's disease - Overview

Alternative Names

Hydrops; Endolymphatic hydrops

Definition of Meniere's disease:

Meniere's disease is an inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals, or labyrinths. The canals, along with a nerve in your skull, help interpret your body's position and maintain your balance.

Meniere's disease occurs when a part of the canal, called the endolymphatic sac, becomes swollen. This sac helps filter and remove fluid in the semicircular canals.

The exact cause of Meniere's disease is unknown. In some cases, it may be related to:

Other risk factors include:

Allergies
Alcohol use
Fatigue
Recent viral illness
Respiratory infection
Smoking
Stress
Use of certain medications, including aspirin

Genetics may also play a role.

About 100,000 people a year develop Meniere's disease.

Ear anatomy

Tympanic membrane

Reviewed last on: 9/27/2008
Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

References

Schessel DA, Minor LB, Nedzelski J. Meniere’s disease and other peripheral vestibular disorders. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Mosby Elsevier; 2005:chap 142.

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