Treatment:

A subdural hematoma is an emergency condition!

Emergency surgery may be needed to reduce pressure within the brain. This may involve drilling a small hole in the skull, which relieves pressure and allows the hematoma to drain. Large hematomas or solid blood clots may need to be removed through a procedure called a craniotomy, which creates a larger opening in the skull.

Medicines used to treat a subdural hematoma depend on the type of subdural hematoma, the severity of symptoms, and how much brain damage there is. Diuretics may be used to reduce swelling. Anti-convulsant medications such as phenytoin may be used to control or prevent seizures.

Expectations (prognosis):

The outlook following a subdural hematoma varies widely depending on the type of head injury, the size of the blood collection, and how quickly treatment is obtained.

Acute subdural hematomas present the largest challenge, with high rates of death and injury. Subacute and chronic subdural hematomas have good outcomes in most cases, with symptoms going away after the blood collection is drained.

There is a high frequency of seizures following a subdural hematoma, but these are usually well controlled with medication.

Complications:

• Temporary or permanent weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking
• Seizures
• Brain herniation
• Persistent symptoms such as memory loss, dizziness, headache, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating

Calling your health care provider:

A subdural hematoma requires emergency medical attention. Call 911 or your local emergency number, or go immediately to an emergency room.

Spinal injuries often occur with head injuries, so try to keep the person's neck still if you must move him or her before help arrives.