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Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

• Overview
• Symptoms
• Treatment
• Prevention

Symptoms:

Symptoms depend on the location of the bleeding in the brain and how much damage has occurred. Symptoms most commonly develop suddenly, without warning, often during activity. There is a rapid loss of function(s) on one side of the body.

The symptoms can be the same as those that result from too little blood flow to the brain ( stroke ), and may include:

• Vision changes
  • Any change in vision
  • Loss of vision off to one side
  • Decreased vision
• Sensation changes
  • Numbness , tingling
  • Decreased sensation
  • Abnormal sensations
• Movement changes
  • Weakness of any body part
  • Difficulty moving any body part
  • Loss of fine motor skills
• Difficulty speaking or understanding others
• Difficulty swallowing
• Difficulty reading or writing
• Loss of coordination
• Loss of balance
• Seizure
• Headache
  • When lying flat
  • May awaken from sleep
  • Increases with change in position, bending, straining, coughing
• Nausea, vomiting
• Decreased consciousness
  • Apathetic, withdrawn
  • Sleepy , lethargic , somnolent, stuporous
  • Unconscious , comatose

Signs and tests:

A neurological exam may show signs of increased pressure in the brain, such as swelling of the optic nerve or changes in eye movement. The doctor will check your reflexes and movement to see if there have been any changes in brain function.

Changes in function may help reveal the location of the problem within the brain.

In order to be classified as a hypertensive hemorrhage, the person must have some history of high blood pressure. Often the blood pressure is still very high when the patient is examined. Other tests may show other signs of high blood pressure, such as abnormal blood vessels in the eyes or problems with kidney function.

Tests to determine the amount and cause of bleeding include:

• CBC
• Platelet count
• Bleeding time
• Prothrombin time
• Partial thromboplastin time
• Liver function tests
• Kidney function tests
• Angiography of the head (if symptoms allow enough time to perform this test) -- reveals any aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation present

However, an image of the brain is needed to prove the condition is due to intracerebral hemorrhage. This can be done with a:

• Head CT scan (preferred if the hemorrhage began less than 48 hours earlier)
• Head MRI

• Review Date: 8/7/2006
• Reviewed By: Daniel Kantor, M.D., Director of the Comprehensive MS Center, Neuroscience Institute, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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