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Anaphylaxis

• Overview
• Symptoms
• Treatment
• Prevention

Alternative Names:

Anaphylactic reaction; Anaphylactic shock; Shock - anaphylactic

Treatment:

Anaphylaxis is an emergency condition requiring immediate professional medical attention. Assessment of the ABC's (airway, breathing, and circulation from Basic Life Support) should be done in all suspected anaphylactic reactions.

CPR should be initiated if needed. People with known severe allergic reactions may carry an Epi-Pen or other allergy kit, and should be assisted if necessary. Emergency interventions by paramedics or physicians may include placing a tube through the nose or mouth into the airway ( endotracheal intubation ) or emergency surgery to place a tube directly into the trachea ( tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy).

Epinephrine should be given by injection without delay. This opens the airways and raises the blood pressure by constricting blood vessels.

Treatment for shock includes intravenous fluids and medications that support the actions of the heart and circulatory system.

Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine; and corticosteroids, such as prednisone may be given to further reduce symptoms (after lifesaving measures and epinephrine are administered).

Expectations (prognosis):

Anaphylaxis is a severe disorder which has a poor prognosis without prompt treatment. Symptoms, however, usually resolve with appropriate therapy, underscoring the importance of action.

Complications:

• Shock
• Cardiac arrest (no effective heartbeat)
• Respiratory arrest (absence of breathing)
• Airway obstruction

Calling your health care provider:

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if severe symptoms of anaphylaxis develop.

References:

The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2005 Mar;115(3 Suppl):S483-523.

• Review Date: 5/3/2006
• Reviewed By: David A. Kaufman, M.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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