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Panic disorder - Prevention

Alternative Names

Panic attacks

Prevention:

Avoid stimulants such as caffeine and cocaine and avoid alcohol use if you are prone to panic attacks. These substances may induce or worsen the symptoms.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/19/2008
  • Timothy A. Rogge, MD, private practice in Psychiatry, Kirkland, WA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

References

Bandelow B, Seidler-Brandler U, Becker A, Wedekind D, Ruther E. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled comparisons of psychopharmacological and psychological treatment of anxiety disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2007;8(3):175-87.

Bandelow B, Zohar J, Hollander E, Kasper S, Moller HJ. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2002;3(4):171-199.

Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Grandi S, et. al. Long-term outcome of panic disorder with agoraphobia treated by exposure. Pyschol Med. 2001;31(5):891-8.

Katon WJ. Clinical Practice. Panic disorder. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(22):2360-7.

Smoller JW, Pollack MH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, et al. Panic attacks and risk of incident cardiovascular events among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(10):1153-60.