Symptoms:

Schizophrenia symptoms usually develop slowly over months or years. Sometimes you may have many symptoms, and at other times you may only have a few.

People with any type of schizophrenia may have difficulty keeping friends and working. They may also have problems with anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

At first, you may have the following symptoms:

• Irritable or tense feeling
• Difficulty sleeping
• Difficulty concentrating

As the illness continues, problems with thinking, emotions and behavior develop, including:

• Lack of emotion (flat affect)
• Strongly held beliefs that are not based in reality (delusions)
• Hearing or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations)
• Problems paying attention
• Thoughts "jump" between unrelated topics ( “loose associations”)
• Bizarre behaviors
• Social isolation

Symptoms can vary, depending on the type of schizophrenia you have.

Paranoid schizophrenia symptoms may include:

• Anxious
• Angry or argumentative
• False believes that others are trying to harm you or your loved ones.

Disorganized schizophrenia symptoms may include:

• Problems with thinking and expressing ideas clearly
• Childlike behavior
• Showing little emotion

Catatonic schizophrenia symptoms may include:

• Lack of activity
• Muscles and posture may be rigid
• Grimaces or other odd expressions on the face
• Does not respond much to other people

Undifferentiated schizophrenia symptoms may include symptoms of more than one other type of schizophrenia.

People with residual schizophrenia have some symptoms, but not as many as those who are in a full-blown episode of schizophrenia.

Signs and tests:

There are no medical tests to diagnose schizophrenia. A psychiatrist should examine the patient to make the diagnosis. The diagnosis is made based on a thorough interview of the person and family members. The doctor will ask questions about:

• How long the symptoms have lasted
• How the person's ability to function has changed
• Developmental background
• Genetic and family history
• How well medications have worked

Brain scans (such as CT or MRI) and blood tests may help to rule out other disorders that have similar symptoms to schizophrenia.