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Menkes syndrome - Overview

Alternative Names

Steely hair disease; Menkes kinky hair syndrome; Kinky hair disease

Definition of Menkes syndrome:

Menkes syndrome is an inborn error of metabolism in which cells in the body cannot absorb enough copper.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Menkes syndrome is caused by a defect in the ATP7A gene. The defect makes it hard for the body to distribute and absorb copper. As a result, the brain and other parts of the body do not get enough copper.

Low copper levels can affect the structure of bone, skin, hair, and blood vessels and interfere with nerve function. Copper also builds up in the small intestine and kidneys.

Menkes syndrome is inherited, which means it runs in families.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/15/2011
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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