Symptoms:

In males:

• Abnormal opening from the joint between the pubic bones to the area above the tip of the penis
• Backward flow of urine into the kidney (reflux nephropathy)
• Short, widened penis with an abnormal curvature
• Urinary tract infections
• Widened pubic bone

In females:

• Abnormal clitoris and labia
• Abnormal opening where the from the bladder neck to the area above the normal urethral opening
• Backward flow of urine into the kidney (reflux nephropathy)
• Widened pubic bone
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract infections

Signs and tests:

• Blood test to check electrolyte levels
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP), a special x-ray of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters
• MRI and CT scans, depending on the condition
• Pelvic x-ray
• Ultrasound of the urogenital system

Treatment:

Surgical repair of epispadias is recommended in patients with more than a mild case. Leakage of urine (incontinence) is not uncommon and may require a second operation.

Expectations (prognosis):

Surgery generally leads to the ability to control the flow of urine and a good cosmetic outcome.

Complications:

Persistent urinary incontinence can occur in some persons with this condition even after several operations.

Upper urinary tract (ureter and kidney) damage and infertility may occur.

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if you have any questions or concerns regarding your child's genitourinary tract appearance or function.