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Lymphadenitis

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Definition:

Lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes (also called lymph glands). It is a common complication of certain bacterial infections.

Alternative Names:

Lymph node infection; Lymph gland infection; Localized lymphadenopathy

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The lymph system is a network of organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and lymph vessels (or channels) that produce and move a fluid called lymph from tissues to the bloodstream. For more information on this part of the body, see lymph system .

The lymph glands, or nodes, are small structures that filter the lymph fluid. There are many white blood cells in the lymph nodes to help fight infection.

Lymphadenitis occurs when the glands become overwhelmed by bacteria, virus, fungi, cancer cells, or inflamation. The swollen glands are usually found near the site of an underlying infection, tumor, or inflammation.

Lymphadenitis may occur after cellulitis or other bacterial infections, particularly those due to streptococcus or staphylococcus. Sometimes it's due to rare infections such as tuberculosis or cat scratch disease (Bartonella).

• Review Date: 6/25/2007
• Reviewed By: Cyrus Badshah, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; Assistant Attending Physician, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & Medical Director, Chest (TB)Clinic and Directly Observed Therapy Program, Harlem Hospital Center. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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