Symptoms:

Disfluency:

• Repetition of sounds, words, or phrases after age 4
• Frustration with attempts to communicate
• Head jerking while talking
• Eye blinking while talking
• Embarrassment with speech

Articulation Deficiency:

• Unintelligible speech by age 3
• Leaves out consonants at the beginning of words by age 3
• Leaves out consonants at the end of words by age 4
• Persistent problems with articulation after age 7
• Leaves out sounds where they should occur
• Distorts sounds
• Substitutes an incorrect sound for a correct one

Voice disorders:

• Pitch deviations
• Deviations in the loudness and quality of the voice

Signs and tests:

• Denver Articulation Screening Examination
• Early Language Milestone Scale
• Denver II
• Peabody Picture Test Revised