Symptoms:

• Actively does not follow adults' requests
• Angry and resentful of others
• Argues with adults
• Blames others for own mistakes
• Has few or no friends or has lost friends
• Is in constant trouble in school
• Loses temper
• Spiteful or seeks revenge
• Touchy or easily annoyed

To fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6 months and must be more than normal childhood misbehavior.

Signs and tests:

The pattern of behaviors must be different from those of other children around the same age and developmental level. The behavior must lead to significant problems in school or social activities.

It may help to get the child evaluated by a psychiatrist or psychologist. In children and adolescents, depression and attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can cause similar behavior problems, and should be considered as possibilities.