Treatment:

Treatment should first address any missing nutrients or other medical problems, such as lead exposure.

Treatment involves behavioral, environmental, and family educational approaches. Other successful treatments include associating the pica behavior with bad consequences or punishment (mild aversion therapy) followed by positive reinforcement for eating the right foods.

Medications may help reduce the abnormal eating behavior, if pica occurs as part of a developmental disorder such as mental retardation.

Expectations (prognosis):

Treatment success varies. In many cases, the disorder lasts several months, then disappears on its own. In some cases, it may continue into the teen years or adulthood, especially when it occurs with developmental disorders.

Complications:

• Bezoar (a mass of undigestible material trapped inside the body, usually in the stomach)
• Infection
• Intestinal obstruction
• Lead poisoning
• Malnutrition

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if you notice that a child (or adult) often eats non-food materials.