Treatment:

Surgery to repair heart defects is always done when the infant is very young. Sometimes more than one surgery is needed. The first surgery may be done to help increase blood flow to the lungs. Surgery to correct the problem may be done at a later time. (Generally, a definitive corrective surgery is performed in the first few months of life.) Corrective surgery is done to widen part of the narrowed pulmonary tract and close the ventricular septal defect.

Tips for parents of children with tetralogy of Fallot:

• If a child does become blue, immediately place the child on his or her side and put the knees up to the chest. Calm the baby and seek medical attention immediately
• Feed the child slowly
• Give smaller, more frequent meals
• Decrease the child's anxiety by remaining calm
• Minimize crying by trying to anticipate the child's needs
• Recruit others to care for the child to prevent yourself from becoming exhausted

Expectations (prognosis):

Most cases can be corrected with surgery. Babies who have surgery usually do well. Ninety percent survive to adulthood and live active, healthy, and productive lives. Without surgery, death usually occurs by the time the person reaches age 20.

Patients who have continued, severe leakiness of the pulmonary valve may need the valve replaced.

Regular follow up with a cardiologist to monitor for life-threatening arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) is recommended.

Complications:

• Delayed growth and development
• Seizures during periods of insufficient oxygen
• Arrhythmias
• Death

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health care provider if new unexplained symptoms develop or if the patient is having an episode of cyanosis (blue skin).