Symptoms:

• Clenched hands
• Crossed legs (preferred position)
• Feet with a rounded bottom (rocker-bottom feet)
• Low birth weight
• Low-set ears
• Mental deficiency
• Small head (microcephaly)
• Small jaw (micrognathia)
• Underdeveloped fingernails
• Undescended testicle
• Unusual shaped chest (pectus carinatum)

Signs and tests:

Examination of the pregnant woman may show an unusually large uterus and extra amniotic fluid. An unusually small placenta may be seen when the baby is born.

Physical examination of the infant may show unusual fingerprint patterns. X-rays may show a short breast bone. Chromosome studies show trisomy 18, partial trisomy, or translocation.

Other signs include:

• Hole, split, or cleft in the iris (coloboma)
• Separation between the left and right side of the rectus abdominis muscle (diastasis recti)
• Umbilical hernia or inguinal hernia

There are often signs of congenital heart disease, such as:

• Atrial septal defect (ASD)
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Tests may also show kidney problems, including:

• Horseshoe kidney
• Hydronephrosis
• Polycystic kidney