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Bone marrow transplant - Risks

Alternative Names

Transplant - bone marrow; Stem cell transplant; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Reduced intensity, nonmyeloablative transplant; Mini transplant; Allogenic bone marrow transplant; Autologous bone marrow transplant; Umbilical cord blood transplant

Risks:

A bone marrow transplant may cause the following symptoms:

  • Pain
  • Chills
  • Fever
  • Hives
  • Chest pain
  • Drop in blood pressure
  • Shortness of breath
  • Nausea
  • Flushing
  • Headache
  • Funny taste in the mouth

Possible complications of a bone marrow transplant depend on many things, including:

  • The disease you are being treated for
  • If you had chemotherapy or radiation before the bone marrow transplant
  • Your age
  • Your overall health
  • How good of a match your donor was
  • The type of bone marrow transplant you received (autologous, allogeneic, or umbilical cord blood)

Complications can include:

  • Infections, which can be very serious
  • Bleeding in the lungs, the intestines, brain, and other areas of the body
  • Anemia
  • Stomach problems, including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
  • Pain
  • Inflammation and sorenes in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach, called mucositis
  • Damage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart
  • Cataracts
  • Early menopause
  • Graft failure, which means that the new cells do not settle into the body and start producing stem cells
  • Graft-versus-host disease , a condition in which the donor cells attack your own body
  • Delayed growth in children who receive a bone marrow transplant
  • Reviewed last on: 3/17/2011
  • Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

References

Bishop MR, Pavletic SZ. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKena WG, eds. Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 32.

Vose JM, Pavletic SZ. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 184.

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