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Get answers to your Shoulder and Elbow questions.
Dr. Syed Ashfaq Hasan’s Bio | Q&A Archive
Call your health care provider if you have any concerns about limb length or appearance.
An infant with limb abnormalities generally has other symptoms and signs that, when taken together, define a specific syndrome or condition or give a clue as to the cause of the abnormality. Diagnosis of that condition is based on a family history, medical history, and thorough physical evaluation.
Medical history questions may include:
Laboratory studies such as chromosome studies, enzyme assays, x-rays, and metabolic studies may be done to confirm a suspected disorder.
Knobloch J, Shaughnessy Jr JD, Ruther U. Thalidomide induces limb deformities by perturbing the Bmp/Dkk1/Wnt signaling pathway. FASEB J. 2007 Feb 5; [Epub ahead of print].
Canale ST. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 10th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2003:1043.
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