Definition of ERCP:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure used to identify stones, tumors, or narrowing in the bile ducts. The procedure is done through an endoscope.

How the test is performed:

An intravenous (IV) line is placed in your arm. You will lie on your stomach or on your left side for the test. Medicines to sedate you will be given through the IV. Sometimes a spray to numb the throat is also used.

After the sedative takes effect, the endoscope is inserted through the mouth into the duodenum (the portion of the small intestine that is closest to the stomach).

A catheter (thin tube) is advanced through the endoscope and inserted into the pancreatic or biliary ducts. A special dye is injected into these ducts, and x-rays are taken to evaluate them. Narrowing, stones, and tumors can be identified.

Special instruments can be placed through the endoscope and into the ducts to open the entry of the ducts into the bowel, stretch out narrow segments, remove or crush stones, take tissue samples, and drain obstructed areas.

How to prepare for the test:

You will need to fast at least 4 hours before the test and sign a consent form. Remove all jewelry so that it will not interfere with the x-ray.

Infants and children:

The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust. For general information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics:

• Infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• Toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• Preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• Schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• Adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

How the test will feel:

Because of the intravenous sedation, you may not feel any discomfort, and may have no memory of the test. There may be some gagging as the tube is passed down the esophagus. As the scope is positioned, there will be some stretching of the stomach and duodenum. Occasionally, stretching of the ducts can be felt.

Air, used to inflate the stomach and bowel, can cause some bloating or gas. After the procedure, you may have a sore throat for 3 to 4 days. Some people have a bad reaction to the dye or the drugs used to relax the duodenum, which can cause symptoms like nausea, hives, burning sensation, blurred vision, and urine retention.

Why the test is performed:

The procedure is used to identify any abnormality of the pancreas or bile ducts that can cause abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, or malabsorption. These include:

• Bile duct strictures
• Bile duct tumors
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Gallstones
• Pancreatic pseudocysts
• Pancreatic strictures
• Pancreatic tumors (including pancreatic cancer)