Definition of Cytology exam of urine:

A cytology exam of urine is used to detect cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract.

How the test is performed:

A clean catch (midstream) urine sample is needed. For information on how to obtain the sample, see clean catch urine specimen.

The urine sample is processed in a laboratory and examined under a microscope by a pathologist who looks for abnormal cells.

How to prepare for the test:

No special preparation is needed.

How the test will feel:

There is no discomfort associated with a clean catch urine specimen.

Why the test is performed:

The test is done to detect cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. The test is often done when bladder lesions are noted on an x-ray.

The test may occasionally be ordered for individuals who are at high risk of developing bladder cancer. The test can also detect cytomegalovirus and other viral diseases.

Normal Values:

The urine shows normal cells and is relatively free of debris.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What abnormal results mean:

Abnormal cells in the urine may be a sign of inflammation of the urinary tract orcancer of the kidney, ureters, bladder, or urethra.

Special considerations:

The diagnosis of cancer or inflammatory disease cannot be made exclusively by this test. The results are confirmed by other diagnostic tests or procedures.