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Testicular self-examination - Overview

Definition of Testicular self-examination:

Testicular self-examination is an examination of the testicles. The testicles (also called the testes) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They are located in the scrotum under the penis.

How the test is performed:

Perform this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. It's best to do the test while standing.

Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle.
Hold the testicle with one hand while firmly but gently rolling the fingers of the other hand over the testicle to examine the entire surface.
Repeat the procedure with the other testicle.

Why the test is performed:

A testicular self-exam is done to check for testicular cancer. Normal testicles contain blood vessels and other structures that can make the exam confusing. Performing a self-exam monthly allows you to become familiar with your normal anatomy. Then if you notice any changes from the previous exam, you'll know to contact your doctor.

You should perform a testicular self-exam every month if you have or have had any of the following risk factors:

Family history of testicular cancer
Previous testicular tumor
Undescended testicle
Are a teenager or young adult (to about 35 years old)

Male reproductive anatomy

Testicular anatomy

Reviewed last on: 9/22/2009
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Louis S. Liou, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Urology, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

References

Shaw J. Diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77(4):469-474, 475-476

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Testicular Cancer: Recommendation Statement. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; February 2004.

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