Definition of Pap smear:

A Pap smear is a microscopic examination of cells scraped from the opening of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina.

It is a screening test for cervical cancer.

How the test is performed:

You will lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups. The health care provider will insert an instrument (called a speculum) into the vagina and open it slightly to see inside the vaginal canal. Cells are gently scraped from the cervix area, and sent to a lab for examination.

How to prepare for the test:

Tell your health care provider if you:

• Are taking any medications or birth control pills
• Have had an abnormal Pap smear
• Might be pregnant

Avoid the following for 24 hours before the test:

• Douching
• Having intercourse
• Taking a bath
• Using tampons

Avoid scheduling your Pap smear while you have your period (are menstruating), because it may affect the accuracy of the Pap smear. If you are having abnormal bleeding, your doctor may still recommend you have the test done.

Empty your bladder just before the test.

How the test will feel:

A Pap smear may cause some discomfort, similar to menstrual cramps. You may also feel some pressure during the exam.

You may bleed a little bit after the test.

Why the test is performed:

The Pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer. Most cervical cancers can be detected early if women has routine Pap smears and pelvic examinations.

Screening should start at age 21. After the first test:

• Woman should have a Pap smear ever 2 years to check for cervical cancer.
• If you are over age 30 or your Pap smears have been negative for 3 times in a row, your doctor may tell you that you only need a Pap smear every 3 years.
• If you or your sexual partner have other new partners, then you should have a Pap smear every 2 years.
• After age 65-70, most women can stop having Pap smears as long as they have had three negative tests within the past 10 years.
• If you have a new sexual partner after age 65, you should begin having Pap smear screening again.

You may not need to have a Pap smear if you have had a total hysterectomy (uterus and cervix removed) and do not have a history of cervical dysplasia (abnormal cells), cervical cancer, or other pelvic cancer.