Definition of Premenstrual dysphoric disorder:

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation. The symptoms of PMDD are more severe than those seen with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

PMS refers to a wide range of physical or emotional symptoms that typically occur about 5 to 11 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when or shortly after her period begins.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

The causes of PMS and PMDD have not been found.

Hormone changes that occur during a woman's menstrual cycle appear to play a role.

PMDD affects between 3% and 8% of women during the years when they are having menstrual periods.

Many women with this condition have:

• Anxiety
• Major depression
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Other factors that may play a role include:

• Alcohol abuse
• Being overweight
• Drinking large amounts of caffeine
• Having a mother with a history of the disorder
• Lack of exercise