Endovascular embolization

Definition:

Endovascular embolization is a medical procedure to treat abnormal blood vessels in the brain and other parts of the body. It is an alternative to open surgery.

Alternative Names:

Treatment - endovascular embolism; Coil embolization

Description:

A small surgical cut will be made in the groin area. The health care provider will use a needle to create a hole in the femoral artery, a large blood vessel. Next, a tiny, flexible tube, called a catheter, is passed through the open skin and into the artery. Dye may flow through the catheter so that the artery may be seen on medical images.

While looking at live medical images of the area, the health care provider gently moves the catheter through the blood vessel up to the problem area.

Once the catheter is in place, the health care provider sends small plastic particles, glue, metal coils, foam, or a balloon through it to seal off the bad blood vessel. The sealing material used depends on your individual condition. (If coils are used, it is called coil embolization.) More than one type of material may be used.

Indications:

The procedure is most often used to treat aneurysms in the brain, but it may be used for other medical conditions, where open surgery is considered risky. The general goal of the treatment is to prevent bleeding in the problem area and reduce the risk of a rupture of a blood vessel.

It may be used to treat:

Brain aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
Carotid artery cavernous fistula (a problem with the large artery in the neck)
Certain tumors

References:

Johnston SC. Recommendations for the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Cerebrovascular Imaging of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology. Stroke. 2002; 33(10): 2536-4.

Schnipper D. Management of intracranial complications of sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 2004; 37(2): 453-72, ix.

Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery , 17th ed. St. Louis, M0: WB Saunders; 2004.

Review Date: 1/8/2007
Reviewed By: James Lee, M.D., Department of Surgery, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY. Review Provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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