Normal Values:

Normal levels of AFP, hCG, uE3, and inhibin A.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What abnormal results mean:

An abnormal test result does NOT mean that your baby definitely has a birth defect. Often, the results can be abnormal if your baby is older or younger than the health care provider had thought. Common next steps by your doctor may include:

• Performing an ultrasound, which will help identify the exact age of the fetus and will also be able to closely examine the skull, spine, and other organs of the fetus
• Repeating the test

If abnormal results are still present, further testing and counseling can be done. Some individuals or couples choose not to have any more tests done, for personal or religious reasons. Possible next steps include:

• Amniocentesis,which checks the AFP level in the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus, and also looks at the fetal cells (specifically the fetal chromosomes) to detect or rule out certain birth defects (such as Down syndrome)
• Genetic counseling
• Ultrasound to check the baby' s brain, spinal cord, kidneys, and heart

During pregnancy, increased levels of AFP may be due to a problem with the developing baby, including:

• Anencephaly
• Duodenal atresia
• Intrauterine death (usually results in a miscarriage)
• Omphalocele
• Spina bifida
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Turner syndrome

High AFP can also mean that you' re carrying more than one baby.

Low levels of AFP and estriol and high levels of hCG and inhibin A may be due to a problem such as:

• Down syndrome
• Edwards syndrome