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Dislocación - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Dislocación de una articulación

Definición:

Es una separación de dos huesos en el lugar donde se encuentran en la articulación (las articulaciones son áreas donde dos huesos se juntan). Un hueso dislocado ya no está en su posición normal, lo cual puede provocar daño a ligamentos, nervios y vasos sanguíneos.

Consideraciones generales:

Puede ser difícil diferenciar entre un hueso dislocado y un hueso fracturado. Ambos se consideran situaciones de emergencia y requieren el mismo tratamiento de primeros auxilios.

La mayoría de las dislocaciones se pueden tratar en un consultorio médico o en una sala de urgencias. A usted le pueden dar un sedante. Algunas veces, se necesita anestesia general en el quirófano.

La mayoría de las dislocaciones, si se tratan oportunamente, no ocasionarán lesión permanente.

  • Las lesiones a los ligamentos circundantes generalmente tardan de 3 a 6 semanas en sanar. Algunas veces, se necesita cirugía para reparar un ligamento roto.
  • Las lesiones a los nervios y vasos sanguíneos pueden ocasionar problemas permanentes o más prolongados.

Una vez que una articulación se haya dislocado, tendrá mayor probabilidad de que esto suceda de nuevo. Se recomienda un control con un cirujano ortopédico después de una dislocación.

Causas:

Las dislocaciones generalmente son causadas por un impacto súbito a la articulación y, por lo general, se presentan después de un golpe, una caída u otro traumatismo.

  • Reviewed last on: 4/13/2010
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Browner BD, Jupiter JB, Levine Am, Trafton PG, Krettek C., eds. Skeletal Trauma. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008.

Chapman MW. Fracture healing and closed treatment of fractures and dislocations. In: Chapman MW, Szabo RM, Marder RA, Vince KG, Mann RA, Lane JM, et al, eds. Chapman's Orthopaedic Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: 2000:chap 10.

Foley KA. Knee dislocation. In: Rosen P, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, Schaider JJ, Wolfe R, eds. Rosen and Barkin's 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007.

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