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Latigazo cervical - Overview

Definición:

El latigazo cervical (hiperextensión cervical) es una lesión a los tejidos blandos del cuello a raíz de una sacudida repentina o un "movimiento súbito" de la cabeza. Este tipo de movimiento tensiona los músculos y los ligamentos del cuello más allá de su rango normal de movimiento.

Ver también: dolor cervical.

Consideraciones:

Cuando un vehículo se detiene repentinamente en una colisión o cuando es golpeado desde atrás, el cinturón de seguridad impide que el cuerpo sea lanzado hacia adelante, pero la cabeza puede moverse bruscamente hacia adelante y luego hacia atrás, ocasionando una lesión de latigazo o hiperextensión cervical.

Causas:

Además de los accidentes automovilísticos, el latigazo cervical puede ser causado por las montañas rusas y otras atracciones de los parques de diversiones, lesiones por la práctica de deportes, al igual que por sacudidas o golpes. (El latigazo cervical es una de las características distintivas del síndrome del bebé sacudido).

Localización del dolor por latigazo

Trauma craneano

Latigazo

Reviewed last on: 6/4/2011
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hudgins TH, Shahban L, Alleva JT. Cervial sprain or strain. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 5.

Ronthal M. Arm and neck pain. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008:chap 32.

Verhagen AP, Scholten-Peeters GG, van Wingaarden S, de Bie R, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. Conservative treatments for whiplash. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD003338.

Devereaux M. Neck Pain. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93:273-284.

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