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Aspiración o ingestión de objetos extraños - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Obstrucción de las vías respiratorias; Vías respiratorias bloqueadas

Definición:

Si usted inhala un objeto extraño hacia la nariz, la boca o el tracto respiratorio, éste puede atorarse y causar problemas respiratorios. También puede llevar a que se presente inflamación e infección.

Si usted se traga un objeto extraño, éste puede atorarse a lo largo del tubo digestivo, lo cual puede llevar a infección o sangrado.

Ver también: asfixia

Consideraciones generales:

Los niños de 1 a 3 años de edad son más propensos a tragarse o inhalar un objeto extraño, como una moneda, una canica, el borrador de un lápiz, botones, cuentas u otros elementos o alimentos pequeños.

Causas:

Algunos alimentos (nueces, semillas o palomitas de maíz) al igual que objetos pequeños (botones y cuentas) pueden ser inhalados fácilmente por los niños pequeños y producir una obstrucción de las vías respiratorias parcial o total.

Las monedas, juguetes pequeños, canicas, alfileres, tornillos, piedras y cualquier objeto lo suficientemente pequeño como para que un bebé o un niño pequeño pueda llevárselo a la boca puede ser ingerido. Si el objeto pasa por el esófago hasta el estómago sin atorarse, es probable que atraviese todo el tubo digestivo.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/4/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Thomas SH, White BA. Foreign bodies. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 57.

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