A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

Asfixia en adulto o niño mayor de 1 año - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Maniobra de Heimlich en adultos o niños mayores de 1 año

Definición:

La asfixia o ahogo se presenta cuando alguien no puede respirar debido a que el alimento, un juguete u otro objeto está obstruyendo las vías respiratorias (garganta o tráquea).

Consideraciones:

Las vías respiratorias de una persona que presenta asfixia pueden estar completa o parcialmente bloqueadas, de manera que no llega suficiente oxígeno a los pulmones. Un bloqueo total es una emergencia médica, mientras que una obstrucción parcial se puede convertir rápidamente en una situación potencialmente mortal si la persona no puede inhalar y exhalar de manera apropiada.

Sin oxígeno, el daño cerebral permanente se puede presentar en tan sólo 4 a 6 minutos, por lo que los primeros auxilios en caso de asfixia administrados rápidamente pueden salvar una vida.

De vez en cuando, un objeto ingresará al pulmón. Aunque la persona puede parecer que está mejorando y respira normalmente, en unos pocos días se pueden presentar síntomas, como:

Causas:

  • Comer con prótesis dentales mal ajustadas, comer muy rápido o no masticar bien los alimentos.
  • Consumir alcohol (incluso una pequeña cantidad afecta el estado de conciencia).
  • Estar inconsciente y broncoaspirarse.
  • Inhalar objetos pequeños (niños pequeños).
  • Lesión a la cabeza y la cara (la hinchazón, la sangre o una deformidad pueden causar asfixia).
  • Reviewed last on: 7/16/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Manno M. Pediatric respiratory emergencies: Upper airway obstruction and infections. In: Marx J, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 166.

Thomas SH, Brown DFM. Foreign bodies. In: Marx J, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 57.

Hauda WE II. Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004:chap 14.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.866.408.6885