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Lesión eléctrica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Descarga eléctrica

Definición:

Una lesión eléctrica es un daño a la piel o a los órganos internos cuando una persona entra en contacto directo con una corriente eléctrica.

Consideraciones:

El cuerpo humano conduce electricidad muy bien. Eso significa que la electricidad pasa con mucha facilidad a través de nuestro cuerpo. El contacto directo con una corriente eléctrica puede ser mortal. Aunque algunas quemaduras parecen menores, es posible que haya daño interno grave, sobre todo en el corazón, los músculos o el cerebro.

Una corriente eléctrica puede causar lesiones en tres formas:

  • Un paro cardíaco debido al efecto eléctrico sobre el corazón.
  • Destrucción de músculos, nervios y tejidos por una corriente que atraviesa el cuerpo.
  • Quemaduras térmicas por el contacto con la fuente eléctrica.

Causas:

  • Contacto accidental con partes expuestas de cables o artefactos eléctricos
  • Chispas de arcos eléctricos provenientes de líneas de alto voltaje
  • Relámpagos
  • Maquinarias o exposiciones ocupacionales
  • Niños pequeños que muerden o mastican un cable eléctrico o insertan objetos en un tomacorriente
  • Reviewed last on: 1/5/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Fish RM. Electrical injuries. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004: chap 201.

Schwartz LR, Balakrishnan C. Thermal burns. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004: chap 199.

Price TG, Cooper MA. Electrical and lightning injuries. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 140.

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