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Enfermedad pulmonar - All Information

Definici贸n:

Una enfermedad pulmonar o neumopat铆a es cualquier enfermedad o trastorno que ocurre en los pulmones o que hace que 茅stos no trabajen apropiadamente. Existen tres tipos principales de enfermedad pulmonar:

  1. Enfermedades de las v铆as respiratorias: estas enfermedades afectan los conductos (v铆as a茅reas o respiratorias) que llevan ox铆geno y otros gases hacia y fuera de los pulmones. Estas enfermedades causan un estrechamiento u obstrucci贸n de las v铆as respiratorias y abarcan asma, enfisema y bronquitis cr贸nica. Las personas con enfermedades de las v铆as respiratorias algunas veces describen la sensaci贸n como "tratar de exhalar a trav茅s de una pajilla".
  2. Enfermedades del tejido pulmonar: estas enfermedades afectan la estructura del tejido pulmonar. La cicatrizaci贸n o la inflamaci贸n del tejido hace que los pulmones no se puedan expandir totalmente ("enfermedad pulmonar restrictiva"). Esto hace que para los pulmones sea m谩s dif铆cil inhalar ox铆geno (oxigenaci贸n) y liberar di贸xido de carbono. La fibrosis pulmonar y la sarcoidosis son ejemplos de enfermedades del tejido pulmonar. Las personas algunas veces describen la sensaci贸n como "llevar puesto un su茅ter o un chaleco demasiado apretado" que no les permite tomar una respiraci贸n profunda.
  3. Enfermedades de la circulaci贸n pulmonar: estas enfermedades afectan los vasos sangu铆neos en los pulmones. Son causadas por coagulaci贸n, cicatrizaci贸n o inflamaci贸n de dichos vasos. Estas enfermedades afectan la capacidad de los pulmones para captar ox铆geno y liberar di贸xido de carbono e igualmente pueden afectar la actividad card铆aca.

Muchas enfermedades pulmonares involucran una combinaci贸n de estos tres tipos.

Las neumopat铆as m谩s comunes abarcan:

  • Asma
  • Atelectasia
  • Bronquitis
  • EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr贸nica)
  • Enfisema
  • C谩ncer pulmonar
  • Neumon铆a
  • Edema pulmonar

Otras neumopat铆as son:

  • Reviewed last on: 9/15/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kraft M. Approach to the patient with respiratory disease. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 83.

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