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Obstrucción aguda de las vías respiratorias altas - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Obstrucción aguda de las vías aéreas superiores

Definición:

Es un bloqueo de las vías respiratorias altas que puede ser en las áreas de la tráquea, la laringe o la garganta (faringe).

Causas:

Las causas de la obstrucción aguda de las vías respiratorias altas abarcan:

Reacciones alérgicas en las cuales la tráquea o la garganta se hinchan y cierran, incluyendo reacciones alérgicas a la picadura de abejas, al maní, a los antibióticos (penicilina) y los medicamentos para la presión arterial (inhibidores de la ECA).
Reacciones y quemaduras químicas
Crup
Epiglotitis (infección de la estructura que separa la tráquea del esófago)
Fuego o quemaduras por la inhalación de humo
Cuerpos extraños, como maní y otros alimentos inhalados, fragmentos de globos inflables, botones, monedas y juguetes pequeños
Infecciones virales o bacterianas
Absceso periamigdaliano
Absceso retrofaríngeo
Cáncer de garganta
Traqueomalacia
Traumatismo
Problemas de las cuerdas vocales

Anatomía de la garganta

Asfixia

Sistema respiratorio

Reviewed last on: 7/16/2011
Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Manno M. Pediatric respiratory emergencies: Upper airway obstruction and infections. In: Marx J, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 166.

Thomas SH, Brown DFM. Foreign bodies. In: Marx J, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009: chap 57.

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