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Aspergilosis pulmonar de tipo broncopulmonar alérgica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar; Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica

Definición:

Es una reacción alérgica al hongo del género Aspergillus, la cual ocasiona inflamación de las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El hongo del género Aspergillus es común y puede crecer en las hojas muertas, los granos almacenados, el excremento de las aves, el estiércol o abono y en la vegetación en descomposición.

Aunque la mayoría de las personas con frecuencia están expuestas al Aspergillus, las infecciones causadas por este hongo son poco comunes en personas con un sistema inmunitario normal. Estas raras infecciones abarcan neumonía y bola fúngica (aspergiloma).

Sin embargo, algunas personas tienen una reacción alérgica (hipersensibilidad) a este hongo, llamada aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica (ABPA), caracterizada por la inflamación de las vías respiratorias (bronquios) o los sacos de aire (alvéolos). Esta enfermedad se puede asemejar al asma o a la neumonía y, de hecho, la mayoría de los pacientes que la padecen también sufren de asma.

Los pacientes que padecen asma o fibrosis quística tienen el riesgo más alto de padecer aspergilosis alérgica.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/19/2008
  • Sean O. Stitham, MD, private practice in Internal Medicine, Seattle, WA; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital.. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clincial practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(3):327-360.
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