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Neumomediastino - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Enfisema mediastínico

Definición:

Es la presencia de aire en el mediastino, el espacio en el medio del tórax entre los pulmones.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El neumomediastino no es común. La afección puede ser causada por lesión o enfermedad y ocurre con mayor frecuencia cuando el aire se filtra desde cualquier parte del pulmón o vías respiratorias hacia el mediastino.

El aumento en la presión en los pulmones o las vías respiratorias puede ser causado por:

  • Tos excesiva
  • Hacer contracciones de manera repetitiva para aumentar la presión abdominal (como al pujar durante un parto o una defecación)
  • Sibilancias
  • Vómitos

También puede ocurrir después de:

  • Ascensos rápidos en altitud, practicar buceo
  • Una ruptura del esófago (el conducto que conecta la boca y el estómago)
  • Ruptura de la tráquea
  • Uso de un respirador
  • Uso de drogas psicoactivas inhaladas como cocaína y crack

El neumomediastino también puede ocurrir con neumotórax u otras enfermedades.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/15/2010
  • Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Park DR, Vallieres E. Pneumomediastinum and mediastinitis. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al, eds. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010: chap 77.

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