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Colapso pulmonar - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Aire alrededor del pulmón; Aire por fuera del pulmón; Neumotórax; Neumotórax espontáneo

Definición:

Un colapso pulmonar, o neumotórax, es la acumulación de aire en el espacio que rodea los pulmones. Esta acumulación de aire ejerce presión sobre el pulmón, de manera que no se puede expandir tanto como lo hace normalmente cuando usted inspira.

Causas:

Un colapso pulmonar puede ser el resultado de un traumatismo torácico, como heridas con arma de fuego o con arma blanca, fractura de costillas o después de ciertos procedimientos médicos.

En algunos casos, un colapso pulmonar ocurre sin ninguna causa y se denomina neumotórax espontáneo. Un área pequeña en el pulmón que está llena de aire, llamada vesícula pulmonar, se rompe y el aire se escapa hacia el espacio alrededor del pulmón.

Ciertas actividades, como bucear, fumar marihuana o cigarrillo, escalar grandes alturas y volar, pueden llevar a un colapso pulmonar.

Las personas altas y delgadas tienen mayor probabilidad de sufrir un colapso pulmonar.

Las enfermedades pulmonares, como EPOC, asma, fibrosis quística, tuberculosis o tos ferina, también incrementan el riesgo de un colapso pulmonar.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/19/2009
  • David A. Kaufman, MD, Section Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital-Yale New Haven Health System, and Assistant Clinical Professor, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Light RW, Lee GY. Pneumothorax, Chylothorax, Hemothorax, and Fibrothorax. In: Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, eds. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2005: chap 69.

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