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Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

EPOC; Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica; Enfermedad obstructiva crónica de las vías respiratorias; Enfisema; Bronquitis crónica; Bronquitis de tipo crónico

Síntomas:

  • Tos con o sin flema
  • Fatiga
  • Muchas infecciones respiratorias
  • Dificultad respiratoria (disnea) que empeora con actividad leve
  • Dificultad para tomar aire
  • Sibilancias

Dado que los síntomas de EPOC se presentan lentamente, es posible que algunas personas no sepan que están enfermas.

Pruebas y exámenes:

El mejor examen para la EPOC es una prueba simple de la función pulmonar llamada espirometría, la cual consiste en soplar con tanta fuerza como uno pueda dentro de una máquina pequeña que evalúa la capacidad pulmonar. Los resultados se pueden analizar inmediatamente y el examen no implica ejercicio, muestras de sangre ni exposición a radiación.

Usar un estetoscopio para auscultar los pulmones también puede servir, sin embargo, algunas veces los pulmones suenan normales incluso cuando la EPOC está presente.

Las imágenes de los pulmones (como radiografías y tomografías computarizadas) pueden ser útiles, pero algunas veces parecen normales incluso cuando una persona tiene EPOC (especialmente radiografía de tórax).

Algunas veces, los pacientes necesitan hacerse un examen de sangre (llamado gasometría arterial) para medir las cantidades de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en la sangre.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • Denis Hadjiliadis MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hoogendoorn M, Feenstra TL, Hoogenveen RT, Rutten-van Mölken MP. Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2010;65(8):711-718.

Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Jindal SK. Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo for preventing COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and metaregression of randomized controlled trials. Chest. 2010; 137(2):318-325.

Shapiro SD, Reilly JJ Jr., Rennard SI. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In: Mason RJ, Broaddus VC, Martin TR, et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 39.

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