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Neumonía con sistema inmunitario debilitado - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Neumonía en paciente inmunodeficiente; Neumonía en huésped inmunocomprometido

Definición:

La neumonía es una infección pulmonar que puede ser causada por muchos gérmenes diferentes, como bacterias, virus y hongos.

Este artículo aborda la neumonía que ocurre en una persona cuya capacidad para combatir una infección se reduce enormemente debido a que su sistema inmunitario está debilitado y no está trabajando adecuadamente. Dicha enfermedad se denomina "neumonía en un huésped inmunocomprometido".

Ver también:

Causas:

Las personas cuyo sistema inmunitario no esté funcionando bien tienen menos capacidad de combatir gérmenes. Debido a este estado, estas personas son más propensas a resultar infectadas por gérmenes que normalmente no causan enfermedad en personas sanas. Estas personas son igualmente más vulnerables a las causas usuales de neumonía, que pueden afectar a cualquier individuo.

El sistema inmunitario se puede debilitar o no funcionar bien debido a:

  • Trasplante de médula ósea.
  • Quimioterapia.
  • Infección por VIH.
  • Leucemia, linfoma y otras afecciones que dañan la médula ósea.
  • Medicamentos (incluyendo esteroides y aquéllos usados para tratar el cáncer y controlar enfermedades autoinmunitarias).
  • Trasplante de órganos (entre ellos, riñón, corazón y pulmón).
  • Reviewed last on: 6/9/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, PhD, MD, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Donnelly JP, Blijlevens NMA, DePauw BE. Infections in the immunocompromised host. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R eds. Mandell, douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 308.

Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44 Suppl 2:S27-72.

Young LS. Approach to fever and suspected infection in the compromised host. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 303.

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