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Histoplasmosis pulmonar crónica - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Histoplasmosis cavitaria crónica

Definición:

Es una infección respiratoria causada por la inhalación de las esporas del hongo Histoplasma capsulatum.

Ver también:

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El histoplasma capsulatum es un hongo que se encuentra en los suelos del centro y oriente de los Estados Unidos (especialmente en los valles de los ríos Mississipi y Ohio), oriente de Canadá, México, América Central y América del Sur.

La infección se presenta cuando una persona inhala las partes reproductoras del hongo, llamadas esporas. Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios saludables generalmente no presentan síntomas, o sólo síntomas leves.

Esta infección "aguda" no dura, pero le puede dejar a la persona pequeñas cicatrices (granulomas). Estas cicatrices pueden ser difíciles de diferenciar de los tumores o crecimientos en el pulmón.

Sin embargo, la infección puede causar enfermedad severa de inmediato o volver a desarrollarse años más tarde después de la primera exposición si el sistema inmunitario de la persona se debilita por:

Los factores de riesgo para la histoplasmosis pulmonar crónica son, entre otros:

  • Viajar o residir en la región central u oriental de los Estados Unidos
  • Exposición a suelos o partículas contaminadas con excrementos de pollos, murciélagos o mirlos
  • EPOC preexistente
  • Sistema inmunitario débil como en el caso de las personas que tienen SIDA
  • Reviewed last on: 12/1/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 353.

What LJ, Freifeld AG, Kleiman MB, Baddley JW, McKinsey DS, Loyd JE, Kauffman CA. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2007;45(7):807-825.

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