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Fibrosis quística - Overview

Definición:

Es una enfermedad hereditaria que provoca la acumulación de moco espeso y pegajoso en los pulmones, el tubo digestivo y otras áreas del cuerpo. Es uno de los tipos de enfermedad pulmonar crónica más común en niños y adultos jóvenes, y es un trastorno potencialmente mortal.

Ver también:

Causas:

La fibrosis quística (FQ) es causada por un gen defectuoso que lleva al cuerpo a producir un líquido anormalmente espeso y pegajoso llamado moco. Este moco se acumula en las vías respiratorias de los pulmones y en el páncreas, el órgano que ayuda a descomponer y absorber los alimentos.

Esta acumulación de moco pegajoso ocasiona infecciones pulmonares potencialmente mortales y serios problemas digestivos. Esta enfermedad también puede afectar las glándulas sudoríparas y el aparato reproductor masculino.

Millones de estadounidenses portan el gen defectuoso de la fibrosis quística, pero no manifiestan ningún síntoma. Esto se debe a que una persona que padece esta enfermedad debe heredar dos genes defectuosos para la fibrosis quística: uno de cada padre. Se estima que 1 de cada 29 estadounidenses de raza blanca tiene el gen de la fibrosis quística. La enfermedad es el trastorno hereditario y mortal más común que afecta a las personas de raza blanca en los Estados Unidos y es más frecuente entre aquellas personas descendientes de europeos del centro y norte.

A la mayoría de los niños con fibrosis quística se les diagnostica la enfermedad hacia los dos años. Sin embargo, a un pequeño número no se le diagnostica la enfermedad hasta los 18 años o más. Estos pacientes generalmente padecen una forma más leve de la enfermedad.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Referencias

Flume PA, Mogayzel PJ Jr, Robinson KA, Rosenblatt RL, Quittell L, Marshall BC; Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pulmonary Therapies Committee; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Pulmonary Therapies Committee. Cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines: pulmonary complications: hemoptysis and pneumothorax. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Aug 1;182(3):298-306.

Farrell PM, Rosenstein BJ, White TB, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in newborns through older adults: Cystic fibrosis consensus report. Journal of Pediatrics. Aug 2008;153(2).

Stallings VA, Stark LF, Robinson KA, Feranchak AP, Quinton H. Evidence-based practice recommendations for nutrition-related management of children and adults with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency: Results of a systematic review. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. May 2008;108(5).

Mogayzel PJ Jr, Flume PA. Update in cystic fibrosis 2009. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Mar 15;181(6):539-44.

Borowitz D, Robinson KA, Rosenfeld M, et al. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation evidence-based guidelines for management of infants with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 2009 Dec;155(6 Suppl):S73-93.

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