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Derrame pleural tuberculoso - Prevention

Prevención:

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad que se puede prevenir, incluso en aquellos que han estado expuestos a una persona infectada. La prueba cutánea (PPD) para tuberculosis se emplea en las poblaciones de alto riesgo o en personas que pueden haber estado expuestas a esta enfermedad, como los trabajadores de la salud.

Una prueba cutánea positiva indica exposición a la tuberculosis y una infección inactiva. Discuta la terapia preventiva con su médico. A las personas que han estado expuestas a la tuberculosis se les deben hacer pruebas cutáneas inmediatamente y realizarles un examen de control en una fecha posterior (por lo regular 12 semanas), si el primer examen es negativo.

El tratamiento oportuno es sumamente importante para controlar la propagación de la tuberculosis a partir de aquellos que tengan la enfermedad de tuberculosis activa hacia aquellos que nunca han estado infectados con esta enfermedad.

Algunos países con una alta incidencia de tuberculosis les aplican una vacuna a las personas (llamada vacuna BCG) para prevenir la tuberculosis. Sin embargo, la efectividad de esta vacuna es polémica y no se usa rutinariamente en los Estados Unidos.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/7/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Iseman MD. Tuberculosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 345.

Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolan R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Orlando, FL: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 250.

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