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Derrame pleural tuberculoso - Treatment

Tratamiento:

El tratamiento del derrame pleural tuberculoso siempre involucrará una combinación de muchos fármacos (por lo regular cuatro). Los medicamentos se continúan hasta que las pruebas de laboratorio muestren cuáles funcionan mejor.

Los medicamentos que se emplean con mayor frecuencia abarcan:

  • Isonizida (INH)
  • Rifampina
  • Pirazinamida
  • Etambutol

Otros medicamentos que se pueden utilizar para tratar la tuberculosis abarcan:

  • Amikacina
  • Etionamida
  • Moxifloxacina
  • Ácido paraaminosalicílico (PAS)
  • Estreptomicina

Usted debe tomar los medicamentos cada día por vía oral durante 1 año o más. La terapia observada directamente, en la cual el médico vigila al paciente para que se tome los medicamentos antituberculosos recetados, es la estrategia más efectiva para algunos pacientes. En este caso, los fármacos se pueden administrar 2 o 3 veces por semana, como lo recete el médico.

Puede ser necesario que lo hospitalicen durante 2 a 4 semanas para evitar la propagación de la enfermedad a otros hasta que usted ya no sea contagioso.

Al médico o al personal de enfermería se le exige por ley reportar su enfermedad de tuberculosis a la secretaría de salud local. El equipo de asistencia sanitaria se asegurará de que usted reciba la mejor atención para la tuberculosis.

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El pronóstico es excelente si el derrame pleural tuberculoso se diagnostica pronto y el tratamiento se inicia rápidamente.

Complicaciones:

El derrame pleural tuberculoso puede causar daño pulmonar permanente si no se trata oportunamente.

Los medicamentos usados para tratar la tuberculosis pueden causar efectos secundarios, incluyendo problemas hepáticos y:

  • Cambios en la visión
  • Lágrimas y orina de color anaranjado o pardo
  • Salpullido

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Llame al médico si:

  • Usted ha estado expuesto a la tuberculosis
  • Usted presenta síntomas de tuberculosis
  • Sus síntomas continúan a pesar del tratamiento
  • Se presentan nuevos síntomas
  • Reviewed last on: 12/7/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Iseman MD. Tuberculosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 345.

Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolan R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Orlando, FL: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 250.

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