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Tromboembolia venosa; Coágulo sanguÃneo en los pulmones; Coágulo sanguÃneo pulmonar; Émbolo; Émbolo tumoral; Embolia pulmonar
Es una obstrucción de una arteria en los pulmones ya sea por grasa, aire, coágulo sanguÃneo o células tumorales.
En la mayorÃa de los casos, un émbolo pulmonar es causado por un coágulo sanguÃneo en una vena, especialmente una vena en la pierna o en la pelvis (área de la cadera). La causa más común es un coágulo sanguÃneo en una de las venas profundas de los muslos. Este tipo de coágulo se denomina trombosis venosa profunda (TVP), el cual se desprende y viaja hasta los pulmones.
Las causas menos comunes abarcan burbujas de aire, gotitas de grasa, lÃquido amniótico o grupos de parásitos o células tumorales, todas las cuales pueden llevar a un émbolo pulmonar.
Los factores de riesgo que predisponen a padecer un émbolo pulmonar abarcan los siguientes:
Las personas con ciertos trastornos de coagulación también pueden presentar un riesgo mayor.
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Tapson VF. Pulmonary embolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 99.
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