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Mal agudo de montaña - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Edema cerebral por grandes alturas; Mal de la montaña; Anoxia por altitud; Mal de las alturas; Edema pulmonar a grandes alturas

Prevención:

Las claves para la prevención del mal agudo de montaña abarcan:

  • Ascender la montaña gradualmente.
  • Detenerse por uno o dos días a descansar cada 2,000 pies (600 metros) cuando se está por encima de los 8,000 pies (2,400 metros).
  • Dormir a una altitud más baja cuando sea posible.
  • Aprender cómo reconocer los primeros síntomas del mal de montaña.

Si usted va a viajar por encima de los 9,840 pies (3,000 metros) debe llevar suficiente oxígeno para varios días.

Si planea un ascenso rápido a una gran altura, pregúntele al médico sobre el medicamento llamado acetazolamida (Diamox). Este fármaco le ayuda al cuerpo a acostumbrarse a mayores alturas más rápidamente y reduce los síntomas menores. Este fármaco se debe tomar un día antes de ascender y continuarse durante los siguientes uno o dos días.

Si usted está en riesgo de anemia, pregúntele al médico si un suplemento de hierro es apropiado en su caso. La anemia disminuye la cantidad de oxígeno en la sangre.

Al escalar:

  • Tome mucho líquido.
  • Evite el consumo de alcohol.
  • Consuma comidas regulares ricas en carbohidratos.

Usted debe evitar las grandes alturas si padece cardiopatía o neumopatía.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/5/2011
  • Jacob L. Heller, MD, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hackett PH, Roach RC. High-altitude medicine. In: Auerbach PS, ed. Wilderness Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 1.

Schoene RB, Swenson ER. High Altitude. In: Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, eds. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2005: chap 65.

Wright A, Brearey S, Imray C. High hopes at high altitudes: pharmacotherapy for acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary oedema. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008;9(1):119-127.

Yaron M, Honigman B. High-altitude medicine. In: Marx, JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa : Mosby Elsevier; 2006: chap 142.

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